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University of Hawaii at Manoa
Department of Information and Computer Sciences
Pacific Ocean Science and Technology Building
1680 East-West Road
Honolulu, HI 96822 USA

Tel:  +1 808.956.2023
Fax: +1 808.956.3548
E-mail: (personal), (work)
WWW: http://www.scottrobertson.info/ (personal), http://www2.hawaii.edu/~scottpr/ (work)

Education

• Ph.D. 1983, Yale University. Psychology/Cognitive Science
• M.A. 1979, California State University, Fullerton. Psychology
• B.A. 1976, University of California, Irvine. Social Science

Employment

• University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI
  • Assistant Professor, Department of Information and Computer Sciences, 2007-present
• Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA
  • Associate Professor, College of Information Science and Technology, 2000-2007
• MediaOne, Englewood, CO (acquired by ATT, 2000)
  • Member Technical Staff, MediaOne Labs, Broadband Innovation Group, 1999-2000
  • Knowledge Management Project Lead, MediaOne Group, Shared Corporate Resources, 1998-1999
• U S WEST, Boulder/Denver, CO (acquired by Qwest, 1998)
  • Director, Global Village (corporate intranet portal), 1998
  • Information Technologist, Corporate Library (Denver), 1996-1998
  • Member Technical Staff, Advanced Technologies (Boulder), 1994-1996
• IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY
  • Research Staff Member, Computer Science Department, 1992-1994
• Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
  • Assistant Professor of Psychology, 1986-1992
• The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC
  • Assistant Professor of Psychology, 1983-1986
  • Director of MA programs in General Psychology and Human Factors

Research & Professional Interests

Community informatics (digital democracy, electronic voting, virtual communities); Human-computer interaction (interaction design, collaborative systems); Knowledge management; Digital libraries; Cognitive science (natural language processing)

Professional Affiliations

American Psychological Society (Fellow since 1990), Association for Computing Machinery, ACM/SIGCHI, Cognitive Science Society.

Professional Experience

Editorial:

• ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, Associate Editor
• Interacting with Computers, Member of the Special Editorial Board for Human Sciences

Reviewing:

National Science Foundation; NASA; Multiple journals in cognitive science, human-computer interaction, and applied experimental psychology.

National Academy of Sciences:

• Computer Science and Telecommunications Board: Electronic Voting Project participant (2004).

American Association for the Advancement of Science:

• Invited participant, Workshop on "Research on the U.S. Voting System: Matching Needs with Knowledge," Scientific Freedom, Responsibility and Law Program, 2006 (Washington, DC).
• Invited participant, Workshop on "Developing a Research Agenda for Electronic Voting Technologies," Scientific Freedom, Responsibility and Law Program, 2004 (Washington, DC).
• Symposium organizer, "Cognition, computing, and interaction: Human-computer systems," 1984 (New York).

Human-Computer Interaction Consortium:

• Drexel University Representative to the Governing Board, 2001-present.
• U S WEST Representative to the Governing Board, 1994-1998.

Association for Computing Machinery:

• Publications Chair, CSCW-2004.
• Program Committee for the "Visual Interfaces to Digital Libraries" Workshop, ACM/IEEE Joint Conference on Digital Libraries, July 2002.
• Information Director, webmaster for SIGCHI, 1995-1996.
• Conference Co-Chair, CHI '95 (Denver, CO).
• CHI Conference Planning Committees, 1992-93.
• Technical Papers Committees, most CHI conferences since '92.
• Proceedings Chair, CHI '91 (New Orleans, LA).
• Technical Session Chair, "Programming by Demonstration," CHI '91 (New Orleans, LA).
• Panels Committee, CHI '90 (Seattle, WA).
• Panels Committee Chair, CHI '88 (Washington, DC).

IBM:

• Workshop co-organizer, "Object-oriented design education," 6th IBM Conference on Object-Oriented Software Development, 1993 (Toronto).
• Student intern, T.J. Watson Research Institute, 1982 (research on computing skill acquisition).

Empirical Studies of Programmers:

• Conference Co-chair, Fourth Workshop on Empirical Studies of Programmers, 1991 (New Brunswick, NJ).

Human Factors Society:

• Symposium organizer, "Information processing approaches to the study of human-computer interaction," 1985 (Baltimore, MD).

Teaching Experience

• Graduate: Computational Models of Cognition, Human-Computer Interaction, Learning and Memory, Natural Language Processing, Skill and Knowledge Acquisition, Statistics.
• Undergraduate: Applied Psychology, Human-Computer Interaction, Introduction to Information Systems, Introductory Psychology, Memory and Attention, Natural Language Processing, Psychology of Language, Principles of Human Cognition, Research Methods, Statistics.

Grants/Contracts

• National Science Foundation, Information and Intellgent Systems Division: "Digital deliberation: Searching and deciding about how to vote," IIS-0535036, 2006-2008.
• Drexel University, Synergy Grant: "A game-based system for learning medical diagnostic skill", 2001-2002, co-PI Dr. Barry Mann.
• Office of Naval Research, Perceptual Sciences Program: "Goal and plan knowledge in software comprehension", N00014-86-K-0271 and 0876, 1986-1990.
• New Jersey Department of Higher Education: "A micro-computer laboratory in human perception and memory", 1987, coPI Charles F. Schmidt.
• Rutgers University, Trustees Research Initiation Program (TRIP) Grant: 1986.
• National Science Foundation, Information Science Division, New Investigator Award: "Errors, explanation, and plan modification in cognitive skill learning", IST-8418862 and 8696141, 1985-1987.
• The Catholic University of America, University Research Grant: "Question parsing and answering as integrated processes", 1985.

Fellowships/Awards

• Magellan 3-star award for the ACM SIGCHI website, 1996.
• Fellow of the American Psychological Society, 1990.
• Invited affiliate membership in APA division 21 (Applied Psychology Division), 1990.
• System Development Foundation fellowship for graduate study in cognitive science, 1981-1983.
• Alfred P. Sloan Foundation fellowship for graduate study in cognitive science, 1979-1981.

Refereed Journal Articles

• Robertson, S.P. (2005). Voter-centered design: Toward a voter decision support system. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, 12(2), June, 263-292. [PDF 5.3MB]
• Robertson, S. (2002). A tale of two knowledge-sharing systems. Journal of Knowledge Management, 6(3), 295-308. [PDF 484KB]
• Mann, B.D., Eidelson, B.M., Fukuchi, S.G., Nissman, S.A., Robertson, S. and Jardines, L. (2002). The development of an interactive game-based tool for learning surgical management algorithms via computer. The American Journal of Surgery, 183, 305-308.
• Robertson, S., & Reese, K. (1999). A virtual library for building community and sharing knowledge. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 51, 663-685. [PDF 1.0MB]
• Carroll, J., Mack, R., Robertson, S.P., & Rosson, M.B. (1994). Binding objects to scenarios of use . International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 41, 243-276.
• Robertson, S.P. (1994). TSUNAMI: Simultaneous understanding, answering, and memory interaction for questions. Cognitive Science, 18, 51-85.
• Robertson, S.P., Weber, K., Ullman, J., & Mehta, A. (1993). Parallel question parsing and memory retrieval. Journal of Memory and Language, 32, 155-168.
• Robertson, S.P. (1990). Knowledge representations used by computer programmers. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 80, 116-137.
• Robertson, S.P., & Yu, C.C. (1990). Common cognitive representations of program code across tasks and languages. International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, 33, 343-360.
• Robertson,S.P., & Swartz, M. (1986). Why do we ask ourselves questions? Questioning Exchange, 2, 47-51.
• Robertson, S.P., & Black, J.B. (1986). Structure and development of plans in computer text editing . Human-Computer Interaction, 2, 201-226.
• Carroll, J.M., Mack, R.L., Lewis, C.H., Grischkowsky, N.L., & Robertson, S.P. (1985). Exploring exploring a word processor. Human-Computer Interaction, 1, 283-307.
• Seifert, C.M., Robertson, S.P., & Black, J.B. (1985). Types of inferences generated during reading. Journal of Memory and Language, 24, 405-422.
• Graesser, A.C., Robertson, S.P., & Anderson, P.A. (1981). Incorporating inferences into narrative representations: A study of how and why. Cognitive Psychology, 13, 1-26.
• Robertson, S.P., Black, J.B., & Johnson, P.N. (1981). Intention and topic in conversation. Cognition and Brain Theory, 4, 303-326.
• Graesser, A.C., Robertson, S.P., Lovelace, E.R., & Swinehart, D.M. (1980). Answers to why-questions expose the organization of story plot and predict recall of actions. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 19, 110-119.
• Graesser, A.C., Higgenbotham, M.W., Robertson, S.P., & Smith, W.R. (1978). A natural inquiry into the National Inquirer: Self-induced versus task-induced reading comprehension. Discourse Processes, 1, 355-372.
• Robertson, S.P. (1983). Probing the mind: The interface of computers with psychology. Yale Scientific, 55, Spring, 24-27.
• Robertson, S.P. (1978). Variations in personal space as a function of sex and the indicated status of a standardized stimulus. UCI Journal of Undergraduate Research, 1, 63-77.

Refereed Conference Proceedings

• Robertson, S. (2008). Design research in digital government: A query prosthesis for voters. Proceedings of dg.o2008: 9th Annual Conference on Digital Government Research. New York: ACM Press.
• Robertson, S., Wania, C., & Abraham, G., & Park, S.J. (2008). Drop-down democracy: Internet portal design influences voters’ search strategies. Proceedings of HICSS-2008: Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. (10pp).
• Robertson, S., Wania, C., & Park, S.J. (2007). An observational study of voters on the internet. Proceedings of HICSS-2007: Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. (10pp).
• Robertson, S. (2006). Digital deliberation: Searching and deciding about how to vote. Proceedings of dg.o2006: 7th Annual Conference on Digital Government Research. New York: ACM Press, 95-96. [PDF 125KB]
• Robertson, S., Achananuparp, P., Goldman, J., Park, S.J., Zhou, N., & Clare, M. (2005). Voting and political information gathering on paper and online. Extended Abstracts of CHI '05: Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York: ACM Press, 1753-1756. [PDF 125KB]
• Carpenter, K., Nardi, B., Moore, J., Robertson, S., Drezner, D., Benson, I., Foot, K., & Jett, Q. (2004). Online political organizing: Lessons from the field. Proceedings of CSCW 2004: ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, New York: ACM Press, 59-62.
• Robertson, S., Jitan, S., & Reese, K. (1997). Web-based collaborative library research. Proceedings of the Second ACM International Conference on Digital Libraries. New York: ACM Press, 152-160.
• Robertson, S.P., Wharton, C., Ashworth. C., & Franzke, M. (1996). Dual device user interface design: PDAs and interactive television. Proceedings of CHI 96: Human Factors in Computing Systems, Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 79-86.
• Robertson, S.P., Carroll, J.M., Mack, R.L., Rosson, M.B., Alpert, S.R., Koenemann-Belliveau, J. (1994). ODE: A self-guided, scenario-based learning environment for object-oriented design priniciples. Proceedings of OOPSLA '94: Object-Oriented Programming Systems, Languages, and Applications. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 51-64.
• Robertson, S.P., Ullman, J., & Mehta, A. (1992). Simultaneous question comprehension and answer retrieval. Proceedings of the 14th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 474-479.
• Koenemann, J. & Robertson, S.P. (1991). Expert problem solving strategies for program comprehension. Proceedings of CHI '91: Human Factors in Computing Systems. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 125-130.
• Robertson, S.P., Davis, E.F., Okabe, K., & Fitz-Randolf, D. (1990). Program comprehension beyond the line. Proceedings of INTERACT-90: Third IFIP Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers, 959-963.
• Robertson, S.P., & Weber, K. (1990). Parallel processes during question answering? Proceedings of the 12th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 542-549.
• Robertson, S.P., Koizumi, D., & Marsella, S.C. (1988). Constraints on training: Informativeness and breadth in procedural skill learning. Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 32nd Annual Meeting. 1, 377-380.
• Yu, C.C., & Robertson, S.P. (1988). Plan-based representations of Pascal and FORTRAN code. Proceedings of CHI '88: Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York: ACM Press, 251-256.
• Robertson, S.P., & Swartz, M. (1987). Question asking during procedural learning: Strategies for acquiring knowledge in several domains. Proceedings of the 9th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 325-335.
• Howard, J.H., Shaw, R.J., Robertson, S.P., & Raver, J.A. (1985). User strategies in interactive image processing. Abstract in Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 29th Annual Meeting, 31-32.
• Robertson, S.P. (1985).Conceptual representation of error patterns as a model of procedural learning in text editing. Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Cybernetics and Society. IEEE Computer Society, 357-361.
• Robertson, S.P. (1985). Learning from errors in computer text editing. Abstract in Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 29th Annual Meeting, 28-29.
• Robertson, S.P., & Black, J.B. (1983). Planning units in text-editing behavior. Proceedings of CHI '83: Human Factors in Computing Systems , New York: ACM Press, 217-221.
• Seifert, C.M., Robertson, S.P., & Black, J.B. (1982). On-line processing of pragmatic inferences. Proceedings of the 4th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 74-76.

Chapters

• Robertson, S. (in preparation/2009). Digital government. In B. Cronin (Ed.). Annual Review of Information Science and Technology.
• Robertson, S. (2000). The digital city's public library: Support for community building and knowledge sharing. In T. Ishida & K. Isbister (Eds.), Digital cities: Technologies, experiences, and future perspectives. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (vol 1765), Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 246-260. [@amazon.com]
• Robertson, S.P. (1995). Generating object-oriented design representations via scenario queries. In J. Carroll (Ed.), Scenario-based design for human-computer interaction. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 279-308.
• Riecken, D., Koenemann-Belliveau, J., & Robertson, S.P. (1991). What do expert programmers communicate by means of descriptive commenting? In J. Koenemann-Belliveau, T. Moher, & S. Robertson (Eds.). Empirical studies of programmers: Fourth Workshop. Norwood, NJ: Ablex, 177-193.
• Robertson, S.P., & Zachary, W. (1990). Outlines of a field of cooperative systems. In S. Robertson, W. Zachary, & J. Black (Eds.). Cognition, computing, and cooperation. Norwood, NJ: Ablex, 399-414.
• Zachary, W., & Robertson, S.P. (1990). Introduction to cognition, computation, and cooperation. In S. Robertson et al. (Eds), ibid, 1-21.
• Robertson, S.P. (1986). Conceptual structure, question answering processes, and the effects of misleading questions. In J. Galambos, R. Abelson, & J. Black (Eds). Knowledge structures. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 145-183.
• Robertson, S.P., & Black, J.B. (1984). Planning units in text-editing behavior. In A Janda (Ed). Human factors in computing systems. Amsterdam: North Holland (reprint of Robertson & Black, 1983, ibid).
• Robertson, S.P., Black, J.B., & Lehnert, W.G. (1984). Misleading question effects as evidence for integrated question understanding and memory search. In A. Graesser & J. Black (Eds). The psychology of questions. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 191-218.
• Graesser, A.C., Robertson, S.P., & Clark, L.F. (1983). Question answering: A method for exploring the on-line construction of prose representations. In J. Fine & R. Freedle (Eds). Developmental issues in discourse. Norwood, NJ: Ablex, 41-68.
• Lehnert, W.C., Robertson, S.P., & Black, J.B. (1983). Memory interactions during question answering. In H. Mandl, N. Stein, & T. Trabasso (Eds). Comprehension and learning from text. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 355-377.

Books Edited

• Koenemann-Belliveau, J., Moher, T., & Robertson, S. (Eds.), (1991). Empirical studies of programmers: Fourth Workshop. Norwood, NJ: Ablex, 238pp.
• Robertson, S.P., Olson, G., & Olson, J. (Eds.), (1991). Reaching through technology: CHI'91 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 513pp.
• Robertson, S.P., Zachary, W., & Black, J.B. (Eds.), (1990). Cognition, computing, and cooperation. Norwood, NJ: Ablex, 424pp. (hardcover) (paperback)

Conference Presentations and Posters
(** indicates listing above in Refereed Conference Proceedings)

• Robertson, S. (2008). Design research in digital government: A query prosthesis for voters. dg.o2008: 9th Annual Conference on Digital Government Research. Montreal, Canada, May. **
• Robertson, S., Wania, C., & Abraham, G. (2008). Drop-down democracy: Internet portal design influences voters’ search strategies. HICSS-2008: Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Waikoloa, HI, Jan.**
• Vatrapu, R., Robertson, S., Dissanayake, W., & Jeedigunta, A. (2008). Political blogs as public spheres. DEMO-net Research Workshop: Empowerment and e-Participation in Civil Society: Local, National and International Implications. Örebto University, Sweden, May.
• Robertson, S., Wania, C., & Park, S.J. (2007). An observational study of voters on the internet. HICSS-2007: Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Waikoloa, HI, Jan.**
• Robertson, S. (2006). Digital deliberation: Searching and deciding about how to vote. dg.o2006: 7th Annual Conference on Digital Government Research. San Diego, CA, May.**
• Zhang, Q., Swain, D., Hawamdeh, S., & Robertson, S. (2006). Virtual communities & social networks: The impact of blogs and online community on social engagement. Panel at the American Society for Information Science & Technology (ASIS&T) Annual Meeting. Austin, TX, November.
• Robertson, S. (2005). I-schools and 21st century citizenship. The First i-Conference of the i-School Deans’ Community. State College, PA, September.
• Robertson, S., Achananuparp, P., Goldman, J., Park, S.J., Zhou, N., & Clare, M. (2005). Voting and political information gathering on paper and online. CHI'05: ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Portland, OR, April.**
• Robertson, S., Zhou, N., Park, S.J., Goldman, J., Achananuparp, P. (2005). Deciding on digital democracy: The psychology of electronic voting. American Psychological Society, Los Angeles, CA, April. [PDF 15KB]
• Robertson, S. (2004). Paper ballot as metaphor? Online Political Organizing panel participant at the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Collaborative Work (CSCW). Chicago, IL, Nov.** [PDF 358KB]
• Robertson, S. (2003). A user-centered approach to the design of electronic voting systems. Human Computer Interaction Consortium (HCIC), Fraser, CO, Feb.
• Robertson, S. (2002). Electronic voting in context: A collaborative ballot for digital government. Poster for CSCW-2002: ACM Conference on Computer Supported Collaborative Work. New Orleans, LA, November.
• Robertson, S. (2002). Electronic voting in context: Community and collaboration tools for democratic participation in digital government. "Boaster" at Human-Computer Interaction Consortium (HCIC), Fraser, CO, Feb.
• Robertson, S. (1999). The digital city's public library: Support for community building and knowledge sharing. 1999 Kyoto Meeting on Digital Cities. Kyoto, Japan, September.
• Robertson, S.P., Jitan, S., & Reese, K. (1997). Web-based collaborative library research. Second ACM International Conference on Digital Libraries. Philadelphia, PA, July.**
• Robertson, S.P., Wharton, C., Ashworth, C., & Franzke, M. (1996). Dual device user interface design: PDAs and Interactive Television. CHI 96 ACM/SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Vancouver, BC, Canada, April.**
• Robertson, S.P., Wharton, C., Ashworth, C., Franzke, M., Marics, M., & King, M. (1996). Designing multiple-device systems. Human-Computer Interaction Consortium (HCIC), Frasier, CO, Feb.
• Robertson, S.P., Carroll, J.M., Mack, R.L., Rosson, M.B., Alpert, S.R., Koenemann-Belliveau, J. (1994). ODE: A self-guided, scenario-based learning environment for object-oriented design principles. OOPSLA'94: ACM/SIGPLAN Conference on Object-Oriented Programming Systems, Languages, and Applications. Portland, OR, October.**
• Robertson, S.P. (1993). ODE: Object design enviornment for learning object-oriented design techniques. 6th IBM Conference on Object-Oriented Software Development. Toronto, July.
• Robertson, S.P. (1993). Generating object-oriented design representations via scenatio queries. IBM workshop on use-oriented design representations. Chappaqua, NY, June.
• Robertson, S.P. (1993). A question of design. IFIP workshop on design rationale, held prior to InterCHI '93, Amsterdam, April.
• Robertson, S.P., Ullman, J.D., & Mehta, A. (1992). Simultaneous question comprehension and answer retrieval. Cognitive Science Society, July.**
• Riecken, D., Koenemann-Belliveau, J., & Robertson, S.P. (1991). What do expert programmers communicate by means of descriptive commenting? Fourth Workshop on Empirical Studies of Programmers. New Brunswick, NJ, December.**
• Koenemann, J. & Robertson, S.P. (1991). Expert problem solving strategies for program comprehension. CHI '91 ACM/SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New Orleans, LA, April.**
• Robertson, S.P., & Davis, E.F. (1990). A problem-solving analysis of code comprehension. Poster for CHI'90: Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Seattle, WA, August.
• Robertson, S.P., Davis, E., Okabe, K., & Fitz-Randolf, D. (1990). Program comprehension beyond the line. INTERACT-90: Third IFIP Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. Cambridge, U.K., August.
• Robertson, S.P., & Weber, K. (1990). Parallel processes during question answering? Cognitive Science Society. Cambridge, MA. July.**
• Yu, C.C., & Robertson, S.P. (1989). A closer look at analogical problem solving. Eastern Psychological Association. Boston, MA, March.
• Robertson, S.P. (1988). Planning and task analysis for information systems. American Society for Information Science. Atlanta, GA, October.
• Robertson, S.P., Koizumi, D., & Marsella, S.C. (1988). Constraints on training: Informativeness and breadth in procedural skill learning. Human Factors Society. Anaheim, CA, October.
• Yu, C.C., & Robertson, S.P. (1988). Plan-based representations of Pascal and FORTRAN code. CHI'88: ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Washington, DC, May.**
• Robertson, S.P., & Swartz, M. (1987). Question asking during procedural learning: Strategies for acquiring knowledge in several domains. Cognitive Science Society. Seattle, WA, July.
• Robertson, S.P., & Swartz, M. (1987). Questions reflect knowledge utilized during procedural learning. Second International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. Honolulu, HI, August.
• Mauch, M., & Robertson, S.P. (1986). Belief schemata and the use of discrepant evidence in base rate estimation. American Psychological Association. Washington, DC, August.
• Robertson, S.P., & Bahri, T. (1986). The effect of questions on inferences during reading. Third Mid-Central Human Factors/Ergonomics Conference. Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, June.
• Robertson, S.P., & Swartz, M. (1986). Why do we ask ourselves questions? Third Annual Workshop on Theoretical Issues in Conceptual Information Processing. Philadelphia, PA, August.
• Howard, J.H., Shaw, R.J., Raver, J.A., & Robertson, S.P. (1985). User strategies in interactive image processing. Human Factors Society. Baltimore, MD, August.
• Robertson., S.P. (1985). Conceptual representation of error patterns as a model of procedural learning in text editing. IEEE International Conference on Cybernetics and Society. Tuscon, AZ, November.
• Robertson, S.P. (1985). Learning from errors in computer text editing. Human Factors Society. Baltimore, MD, August.
• Robertson, S.P. (1985). The POE project: A model of procedural learning from conceptual representation of error patterns. Second Annual Workshop on Theoretical Issues in Conceptual Information Processing. Yale University, New Haven, CT, August.
• Robertson, S.P., Black, J.B., Graesser, A.C., & Murray, K. (1984). Mapping schemata of computer enviornments and examining plan acquisition. American Association for the Advancement of Science. New York, May.
• Robertson, S.P., & Black, J.B. (1984). Planning units in computer text editing. American Educational Research Association. New Orleans, LA, April.
• Robertson, S.P., & Black, J.B. (1983). Planning units in text-editing behavior. CHI '83: ACM/SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Boston, MA, December.
• Robertson, S.P., Black, J.B., & Lehnert, W.G. (1982). Leading questions affect inferences and memory for actions and states. American Psychological Association. Washington, DC, August.
• Robertson, S.P., Lehnert, W.G., & Black, J.B. (1982). Alterations in memory for text by leading questions. American Educational Research Association. New York, April.
• Seifert, C.M., Robertson, S.P., & Black, J.B. (1982). On-line processing of pragmatic inferences. Cognitive Science Society. Ann Arbor, MI, August.
• Black, J.B., Robertson, S.P., & Johnson, P.N. (1981). Understanding conversation. Psychonomic Society. Philadelphia, PA, August.
• Lehnert, W.G., Robertson, S.P., & Black, J.B. (1981). Memory interactions during question answering. German Institute for Continuing Studies. University of Tubingen, West Germany.
• Robertson, S.P., & Graesser, A.C. (1978). Story organization in memory. Western Psychological Association. San Francisco, CA.

Book Reviews and Interviews

• "How to apply knowledge management to a merger: Two case studies." Interview in Knowledge Management Review, Vol. 3(4), 2000, p. 32.
• "Knowledge Finders: Tools help companies locate specific information and employees with expertise." Quotes in article by Brian Riggs in InformationWeek, May 24, 1999.
• "U S WEST's web-based research request handling system." Interviewed by Howard McQueen in Intranet Professional, May/June 1998.
• "U S WEST's intranet democratizes knowledge."  Interviewed in Knowledge Inc., November 1997.
• Robertson, S.P. (1993). How are questions and information systems related? Book review of T. Lauer, E. Peacock, & A. Graesser (Eds.), Questions and information systems. In Contemporary Psychology, 38, 1094-1095.
• Robertson, S.P. (1990). Applications of cognitive science to human-computer interaction. Book review of J. Carroll (Ed). Interfacing thought: Cognitive aspects of human-computer interaction. In Contemporary Psychology, 35, 1132-1133.
• Robertson, S.P. (1989). Book review of L. Mark, J. Warm, & R. Huston (Eds). Ergonomics and human factors: Recent research. In The American Journal of Psychology, 101, 590-598.

Unpublished Technical Reports

• Robertson, S. (1996). Web-based authoring of web documents. U S WEST Report #T_02-02-005708-00.01, February.
• Robertson, S., & Wharton, C. (1995). A PDA-based application for use in conjunction with an ITV application. U S WEST Report #T-02-02-004600-01.00, February.
• Robertson, S., & Diekmann, B. (1994). Instructional video for ITV. U S WEST Report #T-09-10-004232-01.00, December.
• Wharton, C., Robertson, S., Ashworth, C., Evanco, K. (1994). Usability evaluation report on point and click input devices U S WEST Report #T-09-04-003905-01.00, September.

Invited Talks

• Robertson, S. (2004). User-centered interaction design for electronic voting systems. Electronic Voting Project workshop. National Academy of Sciences, Computer Science and Telecommunications Board, Washington, DC, July. [PDF 1.3MB]
• Robertson, S. (2004). Workshop on Developing a Research Agenda for Electronic Voting Technologies. American Association for the Advancement of Science, Scientific Freedom, Responsibility and Law Program, Washington, DC, Sep. [PDF 92KB]
• PhiCHI: Philadelphia Chapter of the ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction. Electronic voting: Beyond the ballot metaphor. Philadelphia, PA, Oct. 2004. [PPS 700KB]
• IBM T.J. Watson Research Center. Placing the ballot in context: A user-centered perspective on electronic voting. Hawthorn, NY, Mar. 2003.
• Human Factors & Ergonmics Society, South Jersey Chapter. Question answering and the web. FAA Research Development and Human Factors Lab, Atlantic City, NJ. June 2002.
• Institute for International Research , Braintrust 2000: Conference on Advancing Your Organization's Knowledge Management Practice. "Knowledge sharing and the corporate library." Scottsdale, AZ, January 2000.
• American Association of Law Librarians. "Collaboration and information sharing on your library's website." Washington, DC, July 1999.
• Telelearning '98: "Telelearning at work and in society: Virtual learning communities in the workplace" (panel). Vancouver, November 1998.
• International Quality and Productivity Center , Conference on Using Intranets for Effective Knowledge Management. "Knowledge sharing and communities of interest on the U S WEST intranet." San Francisco, November 1998.
• National Online. "Intranet case study: The U S WEST Library." New York, May 1998.
• Intranets for Knowledge Management conference. "Intranet case study: U S WEST's Global Village and  Research Library." San Jose, CA, Sept. 1997.
• Special Libraries Association (SLA), Telecommunications Division. "Intranet case study: U S WEST and value-added information solutions." Seattle, WA, June, 1997.
• SUPERCOMM '97. "Intranet case study: U S WEST and value-added information solutions." New Orleans, LA, June, 1997.
• New York University. Interactions between question parsing and answer retrieval. Cognitive Area Seminar, October 1992.
• Annual Text Conference. Jackson Hole, Wyoming. Parallel processes in question answering? Jan. 1991, 1992.
• Oakland University, Rochester, MI. Self-directed questioning as a comprehension strategy. Workshop on question generation and application to information systems, June 1990.
• Princeton University, Princeton, NJ. Question parsing and memory search in parallel. Princeton-Rutgers-Columbia Cognitive Science talks, March 1990.
• American Psychological Association Division 21 (Applied Experimental and Engineering Psychologists) meeting, Washington, DC. What cognitive psychology has to say about programming interfaces. March 1990.
• Bell Communications Research (Bellcore) NAVESINK, Red Bank, NJ. Question asking and answering. February 1990.
• Bell Communications Research (Bellcore), Morristown, NJ. How guided should exploratory learning be? September 1989.
• New Jersey Department of Higher Education. Computer-based laboratories in human perception and cognition. Psychology Curriculum Enhancement Conference, New Brunswick, NJ, April 1989.
• Human Factors Society, Deleware Valley Chapter. Knowledge utilized during procedural learning. November 1987.
• Columbia University, Teachers College, New York, NY. Question asking during learning of a database system. January 1987.
• Army Research Institute, Washington, DC. Plans and knowledge in skill acquisition. September 1986.
• Princeton University, Princeton, NJ. Why do we ask ourselves questions? Question asking during procedural learning. Cognitive Science Speakers Series, September 1986.
• American Institutes of Research, Washington, DC. Planning units in text-editing behavior. February 1984.
• Software Psychology Society, Washington, DC. Planning units in text-editing behavior. October 1983.

Patent Activity

• U.S. Patent No. 5,831,664: "Method and system for synchronizing data between at least one mobile interface device and an interactive terminal." Nov. 3, 1998.
• "Method and system for web-based collaboration with knowledge workers." Filed Dec. 1997.
• "Method and system for broadband distribution of digital images." Filed Dec. 2000.